| Rare earth industry accelerated restructuring integration and realize the healthy development |
| Date：2013-01-13 Views：1981 |
|
Different magnetic materials (see the related links for details) have great differences in application field and development prospect due to their huge differences in performance and price. In this paper, neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, ferrite permanent magnet and ferrite soft magnet are selected to introduce. In the history, the center of magnetic materials in the world has experienced changes from Europe (before World War II) to the United States (after World War II) to Japan (after the 1970s). The reason is to follow the transfer of downstream industry chain and to meet the optimal requirements of manufacturing cost. At present, the industry center is undergoing another transfer. In 2005, China produced 290000 tons of permanent ferrite and 160000 tons of soft ferrite, accounting for 46.8% and 55.2% of the world's total output, respectively. The total output of sintered NdFeB and bonded NdFeB also reached about 34800 tons, accounting for more than 70% of the world's total output. China has become the "magnetic capital" of the world. Like previous transfers, China can become the center of the magnetic material industry, and the most important driving force still comes from cost and industrial chain. In terms of cost advantages, China has huge cost advantages in terms of manpower, land, water and electricity, etc. in addition, China is also one of the largest producers of neodymium, iron phosphorus, iron red, manganous oxide and strontium carbonate in the world, with obvious advantages in obtaining main raw materials for magnetic materials. Due to the cost advantage, sufficient supply of human and material resources and broad market space, China has supported the rapid and stable growth of domestic manufacturing industry, and is worthy of becoming the "manufacturing factory" in the world. The downstream industry of magnetic materials is booming in China, which provides a huge market demand space. At present, there is no other region in the world that can provide such a superior production environment for the magnetic material industry, so the transfer of magnetic materials to China has become a long-term trend. industry development variables increase in the next five years In the past decade, the capacity expansion of China's magnetic material industry has been very rapid, which is mainly due to the common development of domestic and foreign enterprises. On the one hand, the production capacity of domestic enterprises is constantly improving, among which there are also emerging companies with technological and scale advantages such as Zhongke Third Ring Road, Ningbo Yunsheng, Hengdian dongci, Tiantong Co., Ltd. On the other hand, due to the high cost of local production, the manufacturing enterprises of magnetic materials in developed countries transfer their production capacity and technology to relatively backward areas, while China, which has both the advantages of cost and industrial chain, has become the first choice. According to incomplete statistics, the famous enterprises that have invested or cooperated in the mainland at present include TDK, FDK, ep-son, Hitachi metal, Sumitomo, Lishu, Sanhe in South Korea, Philips, VAC, EPCOS in Europe, arnord, magnequench in the United States, etc. However, the development speed of different magnetic materials may vary greatly in the future. Specifically, in the trend of energy saving and device miniaturization, with the continuous development of new application fields and the rapid development of NdFeB motor, the industry of NdFeB will maintain an average annual growth rate of 20% in the next five years. However, due to the saturation of low-end products and less new field development, ferrite magnetic materials are difficult to achieve the rapid growth of NdFeB. According to the 11th Five Year Plan of China's magnetic materials industry, the annual growth rate of soft magnetic and permanent ferrite materials in the world and in China will fall below 10% in the next five years (although it is seriously underestimated in the 10th five year plan, it is inevitable that the growth rate will decline in the future). it should be pointed out that products with high technology content will still maintain rapid development, and industrial upgrading has become a trend, which is consistent with the background of generally low domestic industry positioning and continuous upgrading of downstream industries in the past. In terms of products, the main development direction of permanent magnet technology is still stronger magnetic properties and more stable physical properties. Motor products will become the most potential application field, while the development of soft ferrite materials will focus on the themes of low loss, high frequency, high permeability and anti electromagnetic interference. The output and output value of Chinese enterprises are seriously unbalanced Although China has occupied half of the world's magnetic materials industry in terms of production capacity, the domestic price of magnetic materials is far lower than the international level, resulting in a mismatch between production and output value. In the international market, 30% of high-end products account for 70% of the market sales, while the average price of magnetic materials in China is about 50% lower than that in Japan. The main reasons for this phenomenon are the high proportion of low-end products of domestic magnetic materials and the low pricing ability of domestic manufacturers, but from another perspective, it also means a broad development space. In addition, the industry concentration in China is still relatively low, and there are many small and medium-sized enterprises. Even the large-scale enterprises are far behind the international giants. A group of widely quoted data is that TDK company's annual sales revenue in 2004 was about 8.5 billion US dollars, five times the total output value of China's magnetic material industry. However, some domestic high-quality enterprises have mastered the advanced production technology at the same time of rapid expansion of production scale, so it is possible to be bigger and stronger in the future. technology and customer resources become necessary conditions for enterprise development . due to the increase of cost and the decrease of profitability of downstream industry |